Small Beginnings
New Beginnings Spark Hope
We all started here . . .
At fertilization…
the sperm and the egg cell (ovum) unite to form a single cell, a new human life different from his mother or father, different from any human being that has ever lived or ever will live. This new human life is unique and has his own genetic code that will determine the characteristics he will have for the rest of his life.
Within one week of fertilization . . .
the new human life implants in the mother’s uterus and is nourished there for the next nine months.
At three weeks . . .
the baby’s heart begins to beat. A microscope would reveal that this little baby has the characteristic 46 human chromosomes in every cell, demonstrating clearly that this is a human being.
- Outflow Tract
- Right Ventricle
- Left Ventricle
- Inflow Tract
At six weeks . . .
the baby has brainwaves that can be measured with an electroencephalogram. The heart is contracting 40-80 times each minute. Hiccups first occur.
By seven weeks . . .
hiccups and startle response begin in the human embryo.
[Clip from “The Biology of Prenatal Development” DVD.
For more information visit http://www.ehd.org ]
See more incredible videos of prenatal development at the
Endowment for Human Development website.
Eight weeks after conception . . .
the unborn baby is now well-proportioned and about the size of a thumb. Every organ is present.
The skeleton of the arms and legs and the spine begins to stiffen as bone cells are added. The baby swims freely in the amniotic sac with a natural swimmer’s stroke.
At twelve weeks . . .
the baby is very active. He can kick his legs, curl his toes, squint, turn his head, open his mouth, and swallow. The baby urinates. Vocal chords and tastebuds form. The baby responds to skin stimulation. She can make complex facial expressions and even smile.
By sixteen weeks . . .
the baby is 5 1/2 inches long and weighs nearly a pound. He can hear and respond to music. Fine details of development are present such as fingernails and eyelashes. Throughout his time in utero, the unborn child is nourished with food, water, and oxygen by his mother through the placenta.
Twenty weeks after conception . . .
is considered the point of viability in Canada, according to the Canadian Medical Association; viability is the point at which the child can survive outside the womb. Babies born even earlier than 20 weeks have survived.
Surgery can be performed on unborn babies. The first ever fetal surgery was done in 1981. Since that time, the field of maternal fetal medicine has expanded to include numerous surgeries for unborn children, such as tumour removals and corrections to the spine for babies with spina bifida.
Successful Pre-birth Surgery
This little boy had surgery to remove a life-threatening tumour on his heart when he was still in his mother’s womb. The ground-breaking surgery was performed at the Cleveland Clinic 10 weeks before Rylan was born. He is thriving today.
At seven months . . .
the unborn child is about 1/3 of her estimated birthweight, and her lungs are capable of breathing air. The baby sleeps most of the time.
For a complete prenatal overview, visit the Endowment for Human Development website.